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Haydarpaşa Cemetery
Haydarpaşa Cemetery, also known as Haidar Pasha Cemetery, Istanbul, ((トルコ語:Haydarpaşa İngiliz Mezarlığı)), located in the Haydarpaşa neighborhood of Üsküdar district in the Asian part of Istanbul, Turkey, is a burial ground established initially for British military personnel, who took part in the Crimean War (1854–1856).〔(Üsküdar Municipality ) 〕 The cemetery holds also graves of Commonwealth soldiers from the two World Wars, and civilians of British nationality.
==Crimean War graves==
The cemetery was first established for British soldiers from the Crimean War, who died mostly as the result of cholera epidemic in the first organized military hospital in modern history created by Florence Nightingale. Around 6,000 soldiers died during the war in the Selimiye Barracks (aka Scutari Barracks) in Istanbul, which was converted into a military hospital. The graves of the dead, of which only a few are marked today, were placed at two separate plots on a hillside close to the Sea of Marmara next to the military hospital. The land, formerly owned by Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent (1495–1566),〔(Understanding Gallipoli ) 〕 was donated to the British Government in 1855. The two plots were linked in 1867 by a second land grant.
An obelisk was erected in 1857 by Queen Victoria (1819–1901) within the cemetery to commemorate the British soldiers from the Crimean War. A bronze plaque, attached by the British community in Turkey on the plinth of the Crimean Memorial and unveiled on Empire Day, 1954, to celebrate the 100th anniversary of Florence Nightingale’s nursing service in this region, bears the inscription:
"To Florence Nightingale, whose work near this Cemetery a century ago relieved much human suffering and laid the foundations for the nursing profession."
Other monuments in the cemetery include a symbolic broken column in memorial of German Jäger officers who fell in the Crimea, and a British memorial, which was erected 1855 initially in the Therapia Crimean Cemetery (today Tarabya on the European part of Istanbul), and later transferred here together with the graves of 18 personnel of Royal Navy and Royal Marines who died in the sultan’s mansion, which was converted into a military hospital in Therapia .〔(Understanding Gallipoli, Section 2 ) 〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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